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// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
/*
******************************************************************************
*
* Copyright (C) 1996-2015, International Business Machines
* Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.
*
******************************************************************************
*
* File locid.h
*
* Created by: Helena Shih
*
* Modification History:
*
* Date Name Description
* 02/11/97 aliu Changed gLocPath to fgLocPath and added methods to
* get and set it.
* 04/02/97 aliu Made operator!= inline; fixed return value of getName().
* 04/15/97 aliu Cleanup for AIX/Win32.
* 04/24/97 aliu Numerous changes per code review.
* 08/18/98 stephen Added tokenizeString(),changed getDisplayName()
* 09/08/98 stephen Moved definition of kEmptyString for Mac Port
* 11/09/99 weiv Added const char * getName() const;
* 04/12/00 srl removing unicodestring api's and cached hash code
* 08/10/01 grhoten Change the static Locales to accessor functions
******************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef LOCID_H
#define LOCID_H
#include "unicode/utypes.h"
#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
#include <cstdint>
#include <string_view>
#include "unicode/bytestream.h"
#include "unicode/localpointer.h"
#include "unicode/strenum.h"
#include "unicode/stringpiece.h"
#include "unicode/uobject.h"
#include "unicode/putil.h"
#include "unicode/uloc.h"
/**
* \file
* \brief C++ API: Locale ID object.
*/
U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
// Forward Declarations
void U_CALLCONV locale_available_init(); /**< @internal */
class StringEnumeration;
class UnicodeString;
/**
* A <code>Locale</code> object represents a specific geographical, political,
* or cultural region. An operation that requires a <code>Locale</code> to perform
* its task is called <em>locale-sensitive</em> and uses the <code>Locale</code>
* to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number
* is a locale-sensitive operation--the number should be formatted
* according to the customs/conventions of the user's native country,
* region, or culture.
*
* The Locale class is not suitable for subclassing.
*
* <P>
* You can create a <code>Locale</code> object using the constructor in
* this class:
* \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
* <pre>
* Locale( const char* language,
* const char* country,
* const char* variant);
* </pre>
* \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
* The first argument to the constructors is a valid <STRONG>ISO
* Language Code.</STRONG> These codes are the lower-case two-letter
* codes as defined by ISO-639.
* You can find a full list of these codes at:
* <BR><a href ="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/">
* http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/</a>
*
* <P>
* The second argument to the constructors is a valid <STRONG>ISO Country
* Code.</STRONG> These codes are the upper-case two-letter codes
* as defined by ISO-3166.
* You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
* <BR><a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html">
* http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html</a>
*
* <P>
* The third constructor requires a third argument--the <STRONG>Variant.</STRONG>
* The Variant codes are vendor and browser-specific.
* For example, use REVISED for a language's revised script orthography, and POSIX for POSIX.
* Where there are two variants, separate them with an underscore, and
* put the most important one first. For
* example, a Traditional Spanish collation might be referenced, with
* "ES", "ES", "Traditional_POSIX".
*
* <P>
* Because a <code>Locale</code> object is just an identifier for a region,
* no validity check is performed when you construct a <code>Locale</code>.
* If you want to see whether particular resources are available for the
* <code>Locale</code> you construct, you must query those resources. For
* example, ask the <code>NumberFormat</code> for the locales it supports
* using its <code>getAvailableLocales</code> method.
* <BR><STRONG>Note:</STRONG> When you ask for a resource for a particular
* locale, you get back the best available match, not necessarily
* precisely what you asked for. For more information, look at
* <code>ResourceBundle</code>.
*
* <P>
* The <code>Locale</code> class provides a number of convenient constants
* that you can use to create <code>Locale</code> objects for commonly used
* locales. For example, the following refers to a <code>Locale</code> object
* for the United States:
* \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
* <pre>
* Locale::getUS()
* </pre>
* \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
*
* <P>
* Once you've created a <code>Locale</code> you can query it for information about
* itself. Use <code>getCountry</code> to get the ISO Country Code and
* <code>getLanguage</code> to get the ISO Language Code. You can
* use <code>getDisplayCountry</code> to get the
* name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly,
* you can use <code>getDisplayLanguage</code> to get the name of
* the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly,
* the <code>getDisplayXXX</code> methods are themselves locale-sensitive
* and have two versions: one that uses the default locale and one
* that takes a locale as an argument and displays the name or country in
* a language appropriate to that locale.
*
* <P>
* ICU provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive
* operations. For example, the <code>NumberFormat</code> class formats
* numbers, currency, or percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes
* such as <code>NumberFormat</code> have a number of convenience methods
* for creating a default object of that type. For example, the
* <code>NumberFormat</code> class provides these three convenience methods
* for creating a default <code>NumberFormat</code> object:
* \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
* <pre>
* UErrorCode success = U_ZERO_ERROR;
* Locale myLocale;
* NumberFormat *nf;
*
* nf = NumberFormat::createInstance( success ); delete nf;
* nf = NumberFormat::createCurrencyInstance( success ); delete nf;
* nf = NumberFormat::createPercentInstance( success ); delete nf;
* </pre>
* \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
* Each of these methods has two variants; one with an explicit locale
* and one without; the latter using the default locale.
* \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
* <pre>
* nf = NumberFormat::createInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf;
* nf = NumberFormat::createCurrencyInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf;
* nf = NumberFormat::createPercentInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf;
* </pre>
* \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
* A <code>Locale</code> is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object
* (<code>NumberFormat</code>) that you would like to get. The locale is
* <STRONG>just</STRONG> a mechanism for identifying objects,
* <STRONG>not</STRONG> a container for the objects themselves.
*
* <P>
* Each class that performs locale-sensitive operations allows you
* to get all the available objects of that type. You can sift
* through these objects by language, country, or variant,
* and use the display names to present a menu to the user.
* For example, you can create a menu of all the collation objects
* suitable for a given language. Such classes implement these
* three class methods:
* \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
* <pre>
* static Locale* getAvailableLocales(int32_t& numLocales)
* static UnicodeString& getDisplayName(const Locale& objectLocale,
* const Locale& displayLocale,
* UnicodeString& displayName)
* static UnicodeString& getDisplayName(const Locale& objectLocale,
* UnicodeString& displayName)
* </pre>
* \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
*
* @stable ICU 2.0
* @see ResourceBundle
*/
class U_COMMON_API_CLASS Locale : public UObject {
public:
/** Useful constant for the Root locale. @stable ICU 4.4 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getRoot();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getEnglish();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getFrench();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getGerman();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getItalian();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getJapanese();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getKorean();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getChinese();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getSimplifiedChinese();
/** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getTraditionalChinese();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getFrance();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getGermany();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getItaly();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getJapan();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getKorea();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getChina();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getPRC();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getTaiwan();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getUK();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getUS();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getCanada();
/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getCanadaFrench();
/**
* Construct a default locale object, a Locale for the default locale ID.
*
* @see getDefault
* @see uloc_getDefault
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API Locale();
/**
* Construct a locale from language, country, variant.
* If an error occurs, then the constructed object will be "bogus"
* (isBogus() will return true).
*
* @param language Lowercase two-letter or three-letter ISO-639 code.
* This parameter can instead be an ICU style C locale (e.g. "en_US"),
* but the other parameters must not be used.
* This parameter can be nullptr; if so,
* the locale is initialized to match the current default locale.
* (This is the same as using the default constructor.)
* Please note: The Java Locale class does NOT accept the form
* 'new Locale("en_US")' but only 'new Locale("en","US")'
*
* @param country Uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code. (optional)
* @param variant Uppercase vendor and browser specific code. See class
* description. (optional)
* @param keywordsAndValues A string consisting of keyword/values pairs, such as
* "collation=phonebook;currency=euro"
*
* @see getDefault
* @see uloc_getDefault
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API Locale(const char* language,
const char* country = nullptr,
const char* variant = nullptr,
const char* keywordsAndValues = nullptr);
/**
* Initializes a Locale object from another Locale object.
*
* @param other The Locale object being copied in.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API Locale(const Locale& other);
/**
* Move constructor; might leave source in bogus state.
* This locale will have the same contents that the source locale had.
*
* @param other The Locale object being moved in.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API Locale(Locale&& other) noexcept;
/**
* Destructor
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API virtual ~Locale();
/**
* Replaces the entire contents of *this with the specified value.
*
* @param other The Locale object being copied in.
* @return *this
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API Locale& operator=(const Locale& other);
/**
* Move assignment operator; might leave source in bogus state.
* This locale will have the same contents that the source locale had.
* The behavior is undefined if *this and the source are the same object.
*
* @param other The Locale object being moved in.
* @return *this
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API Locale& operator=(Locale&& other) noexcept;
/**
* Checks if two locale keys are the same.
*
* @param other The locale key object to be compared with this.
* @return true if the two locale keys are the same, false otherwise.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API bool operator==(const Locale& other) const;
/**
* Checks if two locale keys are not the same.
*
* @param other The locale key object to be compared with this.
* @return true if the two locale keys are not the same, false
* otherwise.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API inline bool operator!=(const Locale& other) const;
/**
* Clone this object.
* Clones can be used concurrently in multiple threads.
* If an error occurs, then nullptr is returned.
* The caller must delete the clone.
*
* @return a clone of this object
*
* @see getDynamicClassID
* @stable ICU 2.8
*/
U_COMMON_API Locale* clone() const;
#ifndef U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API
/**
* Common methods of getting the current default Locale. Used for the
* presentation: menus, dialogs, etc. Generally set once when your applet or
* application is initialized, then never reset. (If you do reset the
* default locale, you probably want to reload your GUI, so that the change
* is reflected in your interface.)
*
* More advanced programs will allow users to use different locales for
* different fields, e.g. in a spreadsheet.
*
* Note that the initial setting will match the host system.
* @return a reference to the Locale object for the default locale ID
* @system
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getDefault();
/**
* Sets the default. Normally set once at the beginning of a process,
* then never reset.
* setDefault() only changes ICU's default locale ID, <strong>not</strong>
* the default locale ID of the runtime environment.
*
* @param newLocale Locale to set to. If nullptr, set to the value obtained
* from the runtime environment.
* @param success The error code.
* @system
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API static void U_EXPORT2 setDefault(const Locale& newLocale, UErrorCode& success);
#endif /* U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API */
/**
* Returns a Locale for the specified BCP47 language tag string.
* If the specified language tag contains any ill-formed subtags,
* the first such subtag and all following subtags are ignored.
* <p>
* This implements the 'Language-Tag' production of BCP 47, and so
* supports legacy language tags (marked as “Type: grandfathered” in BCP 47)
* (regular and irregular) as well as private use language tags.
*
* Private use tags are represented as 'x-whatever',
* and legacy tags are converted to their canonical replacements where they exist.
*
* Note that a few legacy tags have no modern replacement;
* these will be converted using the fallback described in
* the first paragraph, so some information might be lost.
*
* @param tag the input BCP47 language tag.
* @param status error information if creating the Locale failed.
* @return the Locale for the specified BCP47 language tag.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API static Locale U_EXPORT2 forLanguageTag(StringPiece tag, UErrorCode& status);
/**
* Returns a well-formed language tag for this Locale.
* <p>
* <b>Note</b>: Any locale fields which do not satisfy the BCP47 syntax
* requirement will be silently omitted from the result.
*
* If this function fails, partial output may have been written to the sink.
*
* @param sink the output sink receiving the BCP47 language
* tag for this Locale.
* @param status error information if creating the language tag failed.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API void toLanguageTag(ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Returns a well-formed language tag for this Locale.
* <p>
* <b>Note</b>: Any locale fields which do not satisfy the BCP47 syntax
* requirement will be silently omitted from the result.
*
* @param status error information if creating the language tag failed.
* @return the BCP47 language tag for this Locale.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
template<typename StringClass>
inline StringClass toLanguageTag(UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Creates a locale which has had minimal canonicalization
* as per uloc_getName().
* @param name The name to create from. If name is null,
* the default Locale is used.
* @return new locale object
* @stable ICU 2.0
* @see uloc_getName
*/
U_COMMON_API static Locale U_EXPORT2 createFromName(const char* name);
#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
/** @internal */
U_COMMON_API static Locale U_EXPORT2 createFromName(StringPiece name);
#endif /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */
/**
* Creates a locale from the given string after canonicalizing
* the string according to CLDR by calling uloc_canonicalize().
* @param name the locale ID to create from. Must not be nullptr.
* @return a new locale object corresponding to the given name
* @stable ICU 3.0
* @see uloc_canonicalize
*/
U_COMMON_API static Locale U_EXPORT2 createCanonical(const char* name);
/**
* Returns the locale's ISO-639 language code.
* @return An alias to the code
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API const char* getLanguage() const;
/**
* Returns the locale's ISO-15924 abbreviation script code.
* @return An alias to the code
* @see uscript_getShortName
* @see uscript_getCode
* @stable ICU 2.8
*/
U_COMMON_API const char* getScript() const;
/**
* Returns the locale's ISO-3166 country code.
* @return An alias to the code
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API const char* getCountry() const;
/**
* Returns the locale's variant code.
* @return An alias to the code
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API const char* getVariant() const;
/**
* Returns the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language,
* country and variant separated by underbars. If a field is missing, up
* to two leading underbars will occur. Example: "en", "de_DE", "en_US_WIN",
* "de__POSIX", "fr__MAC", "__MAC", "_MT", "_FR_EURO"
* @return A pointer to "name".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API const char* getName() const;
/**
* Returns the programmatic name of the entire locale as getName() would return,
* but without keywords.
* @return A pointer to "name".
* @see getName
* @stable ICU 2.8
*/
U_COMMON_API const char* getBaseName() const;
/**
* Add the likely subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described
* in the following CLDR technical report:
*
* http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Likely_Subtags
*
* If this Locale is already in the maximal form, or not valid, or there is
* no data available for maximization, the Locale will be unchanged.
*
* For example, "sh" cannot be maximized, since there is no
* reasonable maximization.
*
* Examples:
*
* "und_Zzzz" maximizes to "en_Latn_US"
*
* "en" maximizes to "en_Latn_US"
*
* "de" maximizes to "de_Latn_DE"
*
* "sr" maximizes to "sr_Cyrl_RS"
*
* "zh_Hani" maximizes to "zh_Hani_CN"
*
* @param status error information if maximizing this Locale failed.
* If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is
* U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API void addLikelySubtags(UErrorCode& status);
/**
* Minimize the subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described
* in the following CLDR technical report:
*
* http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Likely_Subtags
*
* If this Locale is already in the minimal form, or not valid, or there is
* no data available for minimization, the Locale will be unchanged.
*
* Since the minimization algorithm relies on proper maximization, see the
* comments for addLikelySubtags for reasons why there might not be any
* data.
*
* Examples:
*
* "en_Latn_US" minimizes to "en"
*
* "de_Latn_US" minimizes to "de"
*
* "sr_Cyrl_RS" minimizes to "sr"
*
* "zh_Hant_TW" minimizes to "zh_TW" (The region is preferred to the
* script, and minimizing to "zh" would imply "zh_Hans_CN".)
*
* @param status error information if maximizing this Locale failed.
* If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is
* U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API void minimizeSubtags(UErrorCode& status);
/**
* Canonicalize the locale ID of this object according to CLDR.
* @param status the status code
* @stable ICU 67
* @see createCanonical
*/
U_COMMON_API void canonicalize(UErrorCode& status);
/**
* Gets the list of keywords for the specified locale.
*
* @param status the status code
* @return pointer to StringEnumeration class, or nullptr if there are no keywords.
* Client must dispose of it by calling delete.
* @see getKeywords
* @stable ICU 2.8
*/
U_COMMON_API StringEnumeration* createKeywords(UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Gets the list of Unicode keywords for the specified locale.
*
* @param status the status code
* @return pointer to StringEnumeration class, or nullptr if there are no keywords.
* Client must dispose of it by calling delete.
* @see getUnicodeKeywords
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API StringEnumeration* createUnicodeKeywords(UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Gets the set of keywords for this Locale.
*
* A wrapper to call createKeywords() and write the resulting
* keywords as standard strings (or compatible objects) into any kind of
* container that can be written to by an STL style output iterator.
*
* @param iterator an STL style output iterator to write the keywords to.
* @param status error information if creating set of keywords failed.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator>
inline void getKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Gets the set of Unicode keywords for this Locale.
*
* A wrapper to call createUnicodeKeywords() and write the resulting
* keywords as standard strings (or compatible objects) into any kind of
* container that can be written to by an STL style output iterator.
*
* @param iterator an STL style output iterator to write the keywords to.
* @param status error information if creating set of keywords failed.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator>
inline void getUnicodeKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Gets the value for a keyword.
*
* This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
*
* ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
* keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
*
* @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value. Case insensitive.
* @param buffer The buffer to receive the keyword value.
* @param bufferCapacity The capacity of receiving buffer
* @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation.
* @return the length of the keyword value
*
* @stable ICU 2.8
*/
U_COMMON_API int32_t getKeywordValue(const char* keywordName,
char* buffer,
int32_t bufferCapacity,
UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Gets the value for a keyword.
*
* This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
*
* ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
* keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
*
* @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value.
* @param sink the sink to receive the keyword value.
* @param status error information if getting the value failed.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API void getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Gets the value for a keyword.
*
* This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
*
* ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
* keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
*
* @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value.
* @param status error information if getting the value failed.
* @return the keyword value.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
template<typename StringClass>
inline StringClass getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Gets the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword.
*
* This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk".
*
* ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
* keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
*
* @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value.
* @param sink the sink to receive the keyword value.
* @param status error information if getting the value failed.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API void getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName,
ByteSink& sink,
UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Gets the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword.
*
* This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk".
*
* ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
* keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
*
* @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value.
* @param status error information if getting the value failed.
* @return the keyword value.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
template<typename StringClass>
inline StringClass getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const;
/**
* Sets or removes the value for a keyword.
*
* For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(),
* and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName().
*
* This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
*
* ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
* keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
*
* @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set. Case insensitive.
* @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or
* nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if
* that keyword does not exist.
* @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation.
*
* @stable ICU 49
*/
U_COMMON_API void setKeywordValue(const char* keywordName,
const char* keywordValue,
UErrorCode& status) {
setKeywordValue(StringPiece{keywordName}, StringPiece{keywordValue}, status);
}
/**
* Sets or removes the value for a keyword.
*
* For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(),
* and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName().
*
* This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
*
* ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
* keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
*
* @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set.
* @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or
* nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if
* that keyword does not exist.
* @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API void setKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName,
StringPiece keywordValue,
UErrorCode& status);
/**
* Sets or removes the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword.
*
* For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(),
* and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName().
*
* This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk".
*
* ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
* keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
*
* @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set.
* @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or
* nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if
* that keyword does not exist.
* @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation.
* @stable ICU 63
*/
U_COMMON_API void setUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName,
StringPiece keywordValue,
UErrorCode& status);
/**
* returns the locale's three-letter language code, as specified
* in ISO draft standard ISO-639-2.
* @return An alias to the code, or an empty string
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API const char* getISO3Language() const;
/**
* Fills in "name" with the locale's three-letter ISO-3166 country code.
* @return An alias to the code, or an empty string
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API const char* getISO3Country() const;
/**
* Returns the Windows LCID value corresponding to this locale.
* This value is stored in the resource data for the locale as a one-to-four-digit
* hexadecimal number. If the resource is missing, in the wrong format, or
* there is no Windows LCID value that corresponds to this locale, returns 0.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API uint32_t getLCID() const;
/**
* Returns whether this locale's script is written right-to-left.
* If there is no script subtag, then the likely script is used, see uloc_addLikelySubtags().
* If no likely script is known, then false is returned.
*
* A script is right-to-left according to the CLDR script metadata
* which corresponds to whether the script's letters have Bidi_Class=R or AL.
*
* Returns true for "ar" and "en-Hebr", false for "zh" and "fa-Cyrl".
*
* @return true if the locale's script is written right-to-left
* @stable ICU 54
*/
U_COMMON_API UBool isRightToLeft() const;
/**
* Fills in "dispLang" with the name of this locale's language in a format suitable for
* user display in the default locale. For example, if the locale's language code is
* "fr" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set
* dispLang to "French".
* @param dispLang Receives the language's display name.
* @return A reference to "dispLang".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayLanguage(UnicodeString& dispLang) const;
/**
* Fills in "dispLang" with the name of this locale's language in a format suitable for
* user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale". For example, if the locale's
* language code is "en" and displayLocale's language code is "fr", this function would set
* dispLang to "Anglais".
* @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name. In other words,
* if the locale's language code is "en", passing Locale::getFrench() for
* displayLocale would result in "Anglais", while passing Locale::getGerman()
* for displayLocale would result in "Englisch".
* @param dispLang Receives the language's display name.
* @return A reference to "dispLang".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayLanguage(const Locale& displayLocale,
UnicodeString& dispLang) const;
/**
* Fills in "dispScript" with the name of this locale's script in a format suitable
* for user display in the default locale. For example, if the locale's script code
* is "LATN" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set
* dispScript to "Latin".
* @param dispScript Receives the scripts's display name.
* @return A reference to "dispScript".
* @stable ICU 2.8
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayScript(UnicodeString& dispScript) const;
/**
* Fills in "dispScript" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable
* for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale". For example, if the locale's
* script code is "LATN" and displayLocale's language code is "en", this function would set
* dispScript to "Latin".
* @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name. In other
* words, if the locale's script code is "LATN", passing
* Locale::getFrench() for displayLocale would result in "", while
* passing Locale::getGerman() for displayLocale would result in
* "".
* @param dispScript Receives the scripts's display name.
* @return A reference to "dispScript".
* @stable ICU 2.8
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayScript(const Locale& displayLocale,
UnicodeString& dispScript) const;
/**
* Fills in "dispCountry" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable
* for user display in the default locale. For example, if the locale's country code
* is "FR" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set
* dispCountry to "France".
* @param dispCountry Receives the country's display name.
* @return A reference to "dispCountry".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayCountry(UnicodeString& dispCountry) const;
/**
* Fills in "dispCountry" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable
* for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale". For example, if the locale's
* country code is "US" and displayLocale's language code is "fr", this function would set
* dispCountry to "&Eacute;tats-Unis".
* @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name. In other
* words, if the locale's country code is "US", passing
* Locale::getFrench() for displayLocale would result in "&Eacute;tats-Unis", while
* passing Locale::getGerman() for displayLocale would result in
* "Vereinigte Staaten".
* @param dispCountry Receives the country's display name.
* @return A reference to "dispCountry".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayCountry(const Locale& displayLocale,
UnicodeString& dispCountry) const;
/**
* Fills in "dispVar" with the name of this locale's variant code in a format suitable
* for user display in the default locale.
* @param dispVar Receives the variant's name.
* @return A reference to "dispVar".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayVariant(UnicodeString& dispVar) const;
/**
* Fills in "dispVar" with the name of this locale's variant code in a format
* suitable for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale".
* @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name.
* @param dispVar Receives the variant's display name.
* @return A reference to "dispVar".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayVariant(const Locale& displayLocale,
UnicodeString& dispVar) const;
/**
* Fills in "name" with the name of this locale in a format suitable for user display
* in the default locale. This function uses getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(),
* and getDisplayVariant() to do its work, and outputs the display name in the format
* "language (country[,variant])". For example, if the default locale is en_US, then
* fr_FR's display name would be "French (France)", and es_MX_Traditional's display name
* would be "Spanish (Mexico,Traditional)".
* @param name Receives the locale's display name.
* @return A reference to "name".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayName(UnicodeString& name) const;
/**
* Fills in "name" with the name of this locale in a format suitable for user display
* in the locale specified by "displayLocale". This function uses getDisplayLanguage(),
* getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() to do its work, and outputs the display
* name in the format "language (country[,variant])". For example, if displayLocale is
* fr_FR, then en_US's display name would be "Anglais (&Eacute;tats-Unis)", and no_NO_NY's
* display name would be "norv&eacute;gien (Norv&egrave;ge,NY)".
* @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name.
* @param name Receives the locale's display name.
* @return A reference to "name".
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API UnicodeString& getDisplayName(const Locale& displayLocale, UnicodeString& name) const;
/**
* Generates a hash code for the locale.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API int32_t hashCode() const;
/**
* Sets the locale to bogus
* A bogus locale represents a non-existing locale associated
* with services that can be instantiated from non-locale data
* in addition to locale (for example, collation can be
* instantiated from a locale and from a rule set).
* @stable ICU 2.1
*/
U_COMMON_API void setToBogus();
/**
* Gets the bogus state. Locale object can be bogus if it doesn't exist
* @return false if it is a real locale, true if it is a bogus locale
* @stable ICU 2.1
*/
U_COMMON_API inline UBool isBogus() const;
/**
* Returns a list of all installed locales.
* @param count Receives the number of locales in the list.
* @return A pointer to an array of Locale objects. This array is the list
* of all locales with installed resource files. The called does NOT
* get ownership of this list, and must NOT delete it.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API static const Locale* U_EXPORT2 getAvailableLocales(int32_t& count);
/**
* Gets a list of all available 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166. This is a
* pointer to an array of pointers to arrays of char. All of these pointers are
* owned by ICU-- do not delete them, and do not write through them. The array is
* terminated with a null pointer.
* @return a list of all available country codes
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API static const char* const* U_EXPORT2 getISOCountries();
/**
* Returns a list of all unique language codes defined in ISO 639.
* They can be 2 or 3 letter codes, as defined by
* <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.html#section-2.2.1">
* BCP 47, section 2.2.1</a>. This is a pointer
* to an array of pointers to arrays of char. All of these pointers are owned
* by ICU-- do not delete them, and do not write through them. The array is
* terminated with a null pointer.
* @return a list of all available language codes
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
U_COMMON_API static const char* const* U_EXPORT2 getISOLanguages();
/**
* ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for this class.
*
* @stable ICU 2.2
*/
U_COMMON_API static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID();
/**
* ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for the actual class.
*
* @stable ICU 2.2
*/
U_COMMON_API virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const override;
/**
* A Locale iterator interface similar to a Java Iterator<Locale>.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
class U_COMMON_API Iterator /* not : public UObject because this is an interface/mixin class */ {
public:
/** @stable ICU 65 */
virtual ~Iterator();
/**
* @return true if next() can be called again.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
virtual UBool hasNext() const = 0;
/**
* @return the next locale.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
virtual const Locale &next() = 0;
};
/**
* A generic Locale iterator implementation over Locale input iterators.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
template<typename Iter>
class RangeIterator : public Iterator, public UMemory {
public:
/**
* Constructs an iterator from a begin/end range.
* Each of the iterator parameter values must be an
* input iterator whose value is convertible to const Locale &.
*
* @param begin Start of range.
* @param end Exclusive end of range.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
RangeIterator(Iter begin, Iter end) : it_(begin), end_(end) {}
/**
* @return true if next() can be called again.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
UBool hasNext() const override { return it_ != end_; }
/**
* @return the next locale.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
const Locale &next() override { return *it_++; }
private:
Iter it_;
const Iter end_;
};
/**
* A generic Locale iterator implementation over Locale input iterators.
* Calls the converter to convert each *begin to a const Locale &.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
template<typename Iter, typename Conv>
class ConvertingIterator : public Iterator, public UMemory {
public:
/**
* Constructs an iterator from a begin/end range.
* Each of the iterator parameter values must be an
* input iterator whose value the converter converts to const Locale &.
*
* @param begin Start of range.
* @param end Exclusive end of range.
* @param converter Converter from *begin to const Locale & or compatible.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
ConvertingIterator(Iter begin, Iter end, Conv converter) :
it_(begin), end_(end), converter_(converter) {}
/**
* @return true if next() can be called again.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
UBool hasNext() const override { return it_ != end_; }
/**
* @return the next locale.
* @stable ICU 65
*/
const Locale &next() override { return converter_(*it_++); }
private:
Iter it_;
const Iter end_;
Conv converter_;
};
protected: /* only protected for testing purposes. DO NOT USE. */
#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
/**
* Set this from a single POSIX style locale string.
* @internal
*/
U_COMMON_API void setFromPOSIXID(const char* posixID);
/**
* Minimize the subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described
* @param favorScript favor to keep script if true, to keep region if false.
* @param status error information if maximizing this Locale failed.
* If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is
* U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
* @internal
*/
U_COMMON_API void minimizeSubtags(bool favorScript, UErrorCode& status);
#endif /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */
private:
/**
* Initialize the locale object with a new name.
* Was deprecated - used in implementation - moved internal
*
* @param cLocaleID The new locale name.
* @param canonicalize whether to call uloc_canonicalize on cLocaleID
*/
Locale& init(const char* localeID, UBool canonicalize);
Locale& init(StringPiece localeID, UBool canonicalize);
/*
* Internal constructor to allow construction of a locale object with
* NO side effects. (Default constructor tries to get
* the default locale.)
*/
enum ELocaleType : uint8_t {
eBOGUS,
eNEST,
eHEAP,
};
Locale(ELocaleType);
/**
* Initialize the locale cache for commonly used locales
*/
static Locale* getLocaleCache();
union Payload;
struct Nest;
struct Heap;
/**
* Locale data that can be nested directly within the union Payload object.
*/
struct Nest {
static constexpr size_t SIZE = 32;
ELocaleType type = eNEST;
char language[4];
char script[5];
char region[4];
uint8_t variantBegin;
char baseName[SIZE -
sizeof type -
sizeof language -
sizeof script -
sizeof region -
sizeof variantBegin];
const char* getLanguage() const { return language; }
const char* getScript() const { return script; }
const char* getRegion() const { return region; }
const char* getVariant() const { return variantBegin == 0 ? "" : getBaseName() + variantBegin; }
const char* getBaseName() const { return baseName; }
// Doesn't inherit from UMemory, shouldn't be heap allocated.
static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new(size_t) noexcept = delete;
static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new[](size_t) noexcept = delete;
Nest() : language{'\0'}, script{'\0'}, region{'\0'}, variantBegin{0}, baseName{'\0'} {}
void init(std::string_view language,
std::string_view script,
std::string_view region,
uint8_t variantBegin);
static bool fits(int32_t length,
std::string_view language,
std::string_view script,
std::string_view region) {
return length < static_cast<int32_t>(sizeof Nest::baseName) &&
language.size() < sizeof Nest::language &&
script.size() < sizeof Nest::script &&
region.size() < sizeof Nest::region;
}
private:
friend union Payload;
Nest(Heap&& heap, uint8_t variantBegin);
};
static_assert(sizeof(Nest) == Nest::SIZE);
/**
* Locale data that needs to be heap allocated in the union Payload object.
*/
struct Heap {
struct Alloc;
ELocaleType type;
char language[ULOC_LANG_CAPACITY];
char script[ULOC_SCRIPT_CAPACITY];
char region[ULOC_COUNTRY_CAPACITY];
Alloc* ptr;
const char* getLanguage() const { return language; }
const char* getScript() const { return script; }
const char* getRegion() const { return region; }
const char* getVariant() const;
const char* getFullName() const;
const char* getBaseName() const;
// Doesn't inherit from UMemory, shouldn't be heap allocated.
static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new(size_t) noexcept = delete;
static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new[](size_t) noexcept = delete;
Heap(std::string_view language,
std::string_view script,
std::string_view region,
int32_t variantBegin);
~Heap();
Heap& operator=(const Heap& other);
Heap& operator=(Heap&& other) noexcept;
};
static_assert(sizeof(Heap) <= sizeof(Nest));
/**
* This is kind of std::variant but customized to not waste any space on the
* discriminator or on any padding, and to copy any heap allocated object.
*/
union Payload {
private:
Nest nest;
Heap heap;
ELocaleType type;
void copy(const Payload& other);
void move(Payload&& other) noexcept;
public:
// Doesn't inherit from UMemory, shouldn't be heap allocated.
static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new(size_t) noexcept = delete;
static void* U_EXPORT2 operator new[](size_t) noexcept = delete;
Payload() : type{eBOGUS} {}
~Payload();
Payload(const Payload& other);
Payload(Payload&& other) noexcept;
Payload& operator=(const Payload& other);
Payload& operator=(Payload&& other) noexcept;
void setToBogus();
bool isBogus() const { return type == eBOGUS; }
template <typename T, typename... Args> T& emplace(Args&&... args);
template <typename T> T* get();
template <typename BogusFn, typename NestFn, typename HeapFn, typename... Args>
auto visit(BogusFn bogusFn, NestFn nestFn, HeapFn heapFn, Args... args) const;
} payload;
/**
* Call a field getter function on either Nest or Heap in payload.
* (This is kind of std::visit but simpler and without exceptions.)
*
* @tparam NEST Pointer to the Nest getter function.
* @tparam HEAP Pointer to the Heap getter function.
* @return the result from the getter, or the empty string if isBogus().
*/
template <const char* (Nest::*const NEST)() const,
const char* (Heap::*const HEAP)() const>
const char* getField() const;
static const Locale &getLocale(int locid);
/**
* A friend to allow the default locale to be set by either the C or C++ API.
*/
friend Locale *locale_set_default_internal(const char *, UErrorCode& status);
/**
*/
friend void U_CALLCONV locale_available_init();
};
U_COMMON_API inline bool
Locale::operator!=(const Locale& other) const
{
return !operator==(other);
}
template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::toLanguageTag(UErrorCode& status) const
{
if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
StringClass result;
StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
toLanguageTag(sink, status);
return result;
}
template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void
Locale::getKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const
{
if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return; }
LocalPointer<StringEnumeration> keys(createKeywords(status));
if (U_FAILURE(status) || keys.isNull()) {
return;
}
for (;;) {
int32_t resultLength;
const char* buffer = keys->next(&resultLength, status);
if (U_FAILURE(status) || buffer == nullptr) {
return;
}
*iterator++ = StringClass(buffer, resultLength);
}
}
template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void
Locale::getUnicodeKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const
{
if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return; }
LocalPointer<StringEnumeration> keys(createUnicodeKeywords(status));
if (U_FAILURE(status) || keys.isNull()) {
return;
}
for (;;) {
int32_t resultLength;
const char* buffer = keys->next(&resultLength, status);
if (U_FAILURE(status) || buffer == nullptr) {
return;
}
*iterator++ = StringClass(buffer, resultLength);
}
}
template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const
{
if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
StringClass result;
StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
getKeywordValue(keywordName, sink, status);
return result;
}
template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const
{
if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
StringClass result;
StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
getUnicodeKeywordValue(keywordName, sink, status);
return result;
}
U_COMMON_API inline UBool
Locale::isBogus() const {
return payload.isBogus();
}
U_NAMESPACE_END
#endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */
#endif
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